Legal, Economic and Environmental Research

The research has, as its main objectives, to frame and deepen the dimensions of risk in today's digital, communicational and technological society, which are linked into law, in all its dimensions, including environmental law, but equally in all private sectors, civil law commercial law, including intellectual property law. The technological revolution carriages particularly delicate challenges to law: from the protection of databases to intellectual property law, from personality rights to the society of control and transparency, from classic commercial contracts to electronic contracts, from traditional or subjective civil liability to punitive liability, from remote contracting to consumer protection, from innovation to green technologies, from sustainability (in its various aspects) to digital society, from new technologies to artificial intelligence, from human rights to genetics, etc.

On the other hand, considering that we live in a framework of open economies, the scope of regulatory needs expands. This happens regarding several sectors to be considered, as well as considering the increasingly wider geographic areas. But the European space, of which we are part, and which is also relevant to all areas, cannot fail to deserve priority attention. It is the largest economic space in the world and, to a greater extent, the most relevant space for trade and other relations, namely the area where foreign direct investment is directed to a greater extent.

Keywords: Risk Society Digital and Law Environmental Law and Liability Intellectual Property and Technological Society

Objectives

Technological development, innovation, green technologies, digital society and artificial intelligence imply a set of challenges to the law that are immediately linked in sustainable development (economic, social, environmental, cultural, etc.), in the protection of human rights, in the extraordinary development of intellectual property, including industrial property, both in the protection of innovations and in the new model (digital and technological) of differentiating products and services in a competitive market. The study of these issues will generate several texts and events of different nature.

On the other hand, commercial contracting (in the pre-contractual phase, in the formation phase, in its content, in its effects, and in its transmission, modification and extinction) has moved away from classical models, having also generated , new types of contracts (socially typified), and taking into account, on the other hand, that different sectors of law intersect (from intellectual property to competition law, not forgetting consumer law) and we are witnessing internationalization, standardization, massification, objectivization and commodification of contractual models, the aim is to develop a set of texts based on the risk of current societies and the technological revolution we are witnessing, which is reproduced in commercial contracting, both in the course of this contracting and in its conformation, may reflect these concerns and projections in law.

Finally, faced with the challenges that arise in the current era, many of them new or with new contours, this group seeks to study what responses could and should be given to current problems: from resolving conflicts in matters of foreign investment, to answers to be given in fiscal or budgetary adequacy, as well as in regulating the exercise of professional activities.

Research Lines

1. Law and Risk Society
Responsable	Professor Doctor Cristina Aragão Seia Professor Doctor Marisa Almeida Araújo
Objectives	Promote the study, research, sharing of experiences, knowledge and dissemination of contemporary challenges that also arise for Law in the risk of the contemporary society, as well as the necessary contribution of this science to sustainable development, in any case, without prejudice to intersectional studies and multidisciplinary. In particular, the following areas will be considered: Environmental law and the right to the environment; Law and technology; Biotechnology, genetics, neuroscience, health; Human Rights in contemporary society; Women as subjects of rights; LGBTQIA+ rights; The Rule of Law in contemporary society; Contribution of Law to the pursuit and promotion of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Keywords	Risk; Sustainable development; Sustainable Development Goals; Contemporary Society; Law and Technology; Environmental Law.

2. Intellectual Property and the Technology Society
Responsable	Professor Doctor Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida
Objectives	This research aims to initiate a set of research work on intellectual property, in a broad sense, in our days. The necessary review of copyright law in the digital society, the establishment of new rights related to copyright, the relationship between intellectual property and human rights, the relationship between patent law and business secrets, the growing relevance of the law of trademarks that acquires new functions and expands its purpose, and the controversial European reform of geographical indications (including the relationship with other industrial property rights, such as designs and models, trademarks or the protection of traditional know-how), are only some of the themes that will be the object of the study that will materialize in texts and events of different nature. On the other hand, the risk of current societies and the technological revolution, with the digital society, that we are witnessing is reflected in commercial contracting, both in the legal nature of this contracting and in its conformation. These themes deserve in-depth study, and it is time to work on these matters, highlighting them in texts that will be, in addition to research results, useful to the scientific community, including our master's and PhD. students. There are several topics that can be investigated, namely, distance contracting, automatic contracting, electronic contracting, self-service contracting, dictated commercial contracts, unfair commercial practices, new developments in contracts that have as their object intellectual property rights (including in framework of the digital society), interests, consumer credit contracts, consumer protection, banking contracts, insurance contracts, investment contracts, arbitration, in addition to the multiple new social types of contracts.
Keywords	Risk Society; Law; Technological Revolution; Digital society; Intellectual property; Commercial Contracting; Law Sectors; Contractual Models; Technological Society.

3. International and European Union Fiscal and Budgetary Issues
Responsable	Professor Doctor Manuel Porto Professor Doctor Vasco Guimarães
Objectives	Two fields of analysis fall into this line One of them is an analysis of Portuguese taxation in the light of the evolution of International Tax Law; knowledge of what is happening internationally, particularly in the European Union, should be a source of guidance for our system, to avoid unfavourable situations for our businesspeople and, in general, for our citizens. The other field of analysis is the budgetary problems of the European Union, with special emphasis on the problem of "own resources", with very marked differences between the interests of different countries.
Keywords	Analysis of Portuguese Taxation; International Fiscal Law; European Union; European Union Budgetary Problems; Multiannual Financial Framework.

RP 3.3 - Law contemporary challenges

RP 3.3 - Title ACTIVE PROJECT	Law contemporary challenges.
Coordinator	Cristina Aragão Seia Ciencia Vitae CV: 1816-8F0A-C659 Marisa Almeida Araújo Ciencia Vitae CV: A012-C299-4E6E
Team (core members)	Cristina Aragão Seia Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Marisa Almeida Araújo Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Fernando Torrão Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Rui Marrana Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Augusto Meireis Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Sergio Machado Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Daniel Tavares da Silva Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Isabel Maria Pereira da Silva da Rocha Teixeira PhD in Law (Administrative/Environmental) Paulo Flávio Ferreira Guedes Fernanda Raquel Melo de Sousa Filipe Júlio dos Santos Revez das Neves Sara Raquel da Silva Santos Costa
Research Group	Legal, Economic and Environmental Research
Line of research	Law and Risk society
Goals	Promote the study, research, sharing of experiences and knowledge and dissemination of contemporary challenges that also arise in Law and the necessary contribution of this science to sustainable development, in any case, without prejudice to intersectional and multidisciplinary studies. Share the results of scientific research produced with the entire community, as a way of demonstrating the University's connection to society in general. Develop links with international projects and researchers: The participation of international researchers in the publication of scientific articles and conferences; Holding and participating in international and national Conferences and Forums.
Scientific Domain	Law
General field	Sustainable development, Sustainable Development Goals, Human Rights
Specific field	Environmental Law; Fundamental rights; New Technologies Law; Biolaw; Rule of law; International right; European Law; Constitutional right; Criminal Law.
Methodology	Promote study, debate, critical evaluation and initiatives, from an intersectional, multidisciplinary and multilateral perspective, at academic level, but also with civil society and interested parties, to develop programs and projects as well as other issues related to this line of investigation. Documentary research and thematic bibliography consultation. Collection and systematic commentary of case law.
Partners	-
Expected Results	Book editing Scientific articles National and international scientific events
Disclosures	Holding debates and conferences Publication of monographs and research articles
Project Contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	The project is aligned and aims to contribute to sustainable development, in particular, SDG 4, 5, 8, 10, 16 e 17
Keywords	Sustainable Development; Human Rights; Environmental Law; Rule of Law; International Law
Remarks	Calendar: Start date – 07/01/2023 Completion date – Duration –

RP 3.4 - Copyright. Digital Society. Human rights and Labour rights

RP 3.4 - Title ACTIVE PROJECT	Copyright. Digital Society. Human rights and Labour rights
Coordinator	Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida Ciencia Vitae CV: 4810-145B-D992
Team (core members)	António José Moreira Vice-President of the Board of Directors of the Fundação Minerva and Full Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University Luis Bandeira Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Cristina Aragão Seia Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Rui Marrana Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Marisa Araújo Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Augusto Meireis Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Sergio Machado Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Pilar Montero Full Professor of Mercantil Law at the University of Alicante Suelen Carls Doctor; Senior Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law; Bournemouth University, UK Paulo Moreira PhD student in Law from Lusíada University – Porto campus Eduardo Sousa Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Beatriz Fernandes PhD in Law from Lusíada University – Porto campus Mariana Curado Master's student at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus.
Research Group	Legal, Economic and Environmental Research
Line of research	Intellectual Property and the Technology Society
Goals	This project aims to investigate the various legal aspects of digital society, namely: civil law (for example, digital identity), commercial law (distance contracts), intellectual property law (copyright), Union law European law, competition law, tax law, criminal law and fundamental rights. The purpose is to prepare a work with 9 chapters covering these different areas, in addition to several scientific articles.
Scientific Domain	Law
General field	Private Law
Specific field	Law
Methodology	Bibliographical and jurisprudential research and critical analysis of legislative or regulatory proposals, especially European ones, in the field of digital society.
Partners	-
Expected Results	Edition of 1 work with 11 chapters. Various scientific articles. The work with 11 chapters should be ready in 2023. Topics to be covered in the different chapters: Intellectual property in digital services; Competition law in digital ecosystems; Vis-à-vis AI, Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law; Taxation of the digital economy - the classic structure of the tax system and the OECD and EU proposals; Digital “activity tracking” and respect for fundamental rights; The exchange contract from archaic times to the digital society; Digitalization as a “stress test” for the resilience of the Portuguese constitutional legal system in the protection of fundamental rights; Digital identity, death and succession; Unfair Competition and Infringement in the Digital Society. A new era of civil liability or civil liability 2.0. The digital society and the internal market. Predictive algorithms for recidivism in criminal justice. The scientific articles and chapters of works will deal, fundamentally, with copyright in the digital society and its effects on human rights.
Disclosures	Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «A propriedade intelectual nos serviços digitais (uma aproximação ao futuro regulamento sobre os serviços digitais», in Propriedade Intelectual, Contratação e Sociedade da Informação, Almedina, Coimbra, maio 2022, 565-594. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «In Dubio Pro Libertate. Um contributo para a interpretação do artigo 17.º da Diretiva 2019/790/CE», in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 1/2022, 15-57.
Project Contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	SDGs 4, 9 and 16
Keywords	Copyright. Rights related to copyright. Digital Society. Human rights. Labor Rights.
Remarks	Calendar: Start date – 2021 Completion date – 2025 Duration – 4 years

RP 3.5 - Patents and business secrets; Misleading trademarks and secondary meaning; European reform of geographical indications

RP 3.5 - Title ACTIVE PROJECT	Patents and business secrets; Misleading trademarks and secondary meaning; European reform of geographical indications.
Coordinator	Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida Ciencia Vitae CV: 4810-145B-D992
Team (core members)	Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – North (Porto campus). Suelen Carls Dr.; Senior Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law; Bournemouth University, UK
Research Group	Legal, Economic and Environmental Research
Line of research	Intellectual property and the technology society
Goals	This project aims to investigate the relationship between patent law and commercial secrets, the misleading use of trademars, the reform of geographical indications in the European Union, combined with the legal relevance of classifying a distinctive trade sign as prestigious or with reputation. Special attention will be paid to European Union law and the accumulation of intellectual property rights.
Scientific Domain	Law
General field	Law
Specific field	Commercial Law and Intellectual Property Law
Methodology	Bibliographical and jurisprudential research and critical analysis of national and international legislation in the field of intellectual property law.
Partners	-
Expected Results	Publication of scientific articles and chapters of works, covering the following topics: Generic terms or degeneracy (between the European Union and the USA); Conflicts between trademarks and geographical indications; Comments on the ECJ case law; Analysis of relevant provisions of the Portuguese Industrial Property Code and other relevant legislation; The problem of evocation in distinctive trade signs; The problem of parasitism on the distinctive signs of prestige; Distinctive signs of trade and the internet; Intellectual property in the digital society; Misleading trademarks and secondary meaning; Patent rights; Trade secrets.
Disclosures	Publication of articles and chapters of works (until May 2023): «Código da Propriedade Industrial Anotado», em coautoria (Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida, Alexandre Dias Pereira, Ana Maria Pereira da Silva, Dário Moura Vicente, João Paulo Remédio Marques, Luís Couto Gonçalves, Manuel Ohen Mendes, Maria Miguel Carvalho, Nuno Sousa e Silva, Pedro Sousa e Silva) sob coordenação de Luís Couto Gonçalves, Almedina, Coimbra, 2021, 1316 páginas. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «Evoluções recentes na jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia sobre indicações geográficas: um retrocesso», in Indicações geográficas, signos coletivos e desenvolvimento local/regional, páginas 447-480, vol. 2, Editora Deviant, 2019, Brasil. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «O contributo regulatório pombalino para a criação, avant la lettre, da denominação de origem e da indicação geográfica», in A função modernizadora do direito comparado – 250 anos da lei da Boa Razão, Homenagem à memória de Antonio Manuel Hespanha e Ruy Rosado Aguiar Júnior, org. Cláudia Lima Marques e Gustavo Cerqueira, Editora YK, São Paulo, Brasil, 2020, 363-383. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «Organização Mundial da Propriedade Intelectual», in Portugal Multilateral, vol. II, Nuno Severiano Teixeira e Alice Cunha (Coord.), Almedina, Coimbra, dezembro 2021, 245-258. «Parecer da Associação Portuguesa de Direito Intelectual sobre a Proposta de Revisão do Código da Propriedade Industrial» (em coautoria: Dário Moura Vicente; J. P. Remédio Marques; Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida; Maria Miguel Carvalho; Ana Pereira da Silva), in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 2/2018, 225-242. «Parecer da Associação Portuguesa de Direito Intelectual sobre o Anteprojeto de Lei da Propriedade Industrial de Angola» (em coautoria: Dário Moura Vicente; J. P. Remédio Marques; Alexandre Dias Pereira; Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida; Maria Miguel Carvalho; Pedro Sousa e Silva; Ana Maria Pereira da Silva; Nuno Sousa e Silva), in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 1/2019, 125-181. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «As denominações geográficas na recente jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia», in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 1/2019, 221-260. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «A «evocação» nas denominações de origem e indicações geográficas – comentário ao acórdão do Tribunal de Justiça de 2 de maio de 2019, processo C-614/17», in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 2/2019, 219-251. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «O novo Código da Propriedade Industrial: novidades no regime jurídico das denominações de origem e indicações geográficas», in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 2/2019, 79-105. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «Geographical Indications Versus Trade Marks and Generic Terms: The US–China Agreement», in IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 51(3), 277-281 (February, 2020). Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, Carls, Suelen, «The Criteria to Qualify a Geographical Term as Generic: Are We Moving from a European to a US Perspective?», in IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 52(4), 444-467 (April 2021). Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «The GI structure (the model behind the EU rules) or the complexity of this subjective right», in Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, Volume 16, Issue 4-5, April-May 2021, Pages 301–309. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «O novo Código da Propriedade Industrial: novidades no regime jurídico das denominações de origem e indicações geográficas», in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 2/2019, 79-105. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «O caminho (diferente da marca de prestígio) para a proteção das denominações de origem reputadas», in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 1/2022, 245-267. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «Direito de patente, segredos de negócio e saúde pública. Acordo TRIPS», in Revista da ABPI (Associação Brasileira da Propriedade Intelectual), n.º 183, Mar/Abr 2023, 24-40.
Project Contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	SDGs 4, 9 e 16
Keywords	Patents. Secrets. Trade marks. Geographical indications.
Remarks	Calendar: Start date – 2019 Completion date – 2025 Duration – 6 years

RP 3.6 - Intellectual Property Law (copyright and industrial property law). Human Rights and Labour Rights

RP 3.6 - Title ACTIVE PROJECT	Intellectual Property Law (copyright and industrial property law). Human Rights and Labour Rights
Coordinator	Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida Science Vitae CV: 4810-145B-D992
Team (core members)	António José Moreira Full Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University Luís Bandeira Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Cristina Aragão Seia Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Rui Marrana Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Marisa Araújo Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Augusto Meireis Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Sergio Machado Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Pilar Montero Full Professor of Mercantil Law at the University of Alicante Suelen Carls Doctor; Senior Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law; Bournemouth University, UK Paulo Moreira PhD student in Law from Lusíada University – Porto campus Eduardo Sousa Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus Beatriz Fernandes Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – Porto campus
Research Group	Legal, Economic and Environmental Research.
Line of research	Line 2 - Intellectual Property and the Technology Society.
Goals	The aim of this project is to investigate the various legal aspects of intellectual property law relating to human rights and labour law, covering, in particular, the following issues: Digital identity; Distance contracts; Copyright and freedom of expression; Intellectual property law and competition law; Intellectual property law and fundamental rights; Criminal protection of intellectual property rights; Implications for tax law; The relationship between the various intellectual property rights and their overlap and accumulation; European Union law and human rights; Implications for labour law. The aim is to produce a book comprising several chapters covering these various areas, as well as a number of academic articles.
Scientific Domain General field Specific field	Law Private law Civil law, commercial law and intellectual property law
Methodology	Bibliographical and jurisprudential research and critical analysis of the law in force, especially Europea.
Partners	-
Expected Results	Edition of 1 book with several chapters. Various scientific articles. The book with several chapters should be ready in 2028. Topics to be covered in the different chapters: Intellectual property in digital services; Competition law in digital ecosystems; Vis-à-vis AI, Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law; Taxation of the digital economy - the classic structure of the tax system and the OECD and EU proposals; Digital “activity tracking” and respect for fundamental rights; The exchange contract from archaic times to the digital society; Digitalization as a “stress test” for the resilience of the Portuguese constitutional legal system in the protection of fundamental rights; Digital identity, death and succession; Unfair Competition and Infringement in the Digital Society. A new era of civil liability or civil liability 2.0. The digital society and the internal market. Predictive algorithms for recidivism in criminal justice. The scientific articles and chapters of the book will deal, fundamentally, with copyright in the digital society and its effects on human rights, namely: Generic terms or degeneration (between the European Union and the USA); Conflicts between trade marks and geographical indications; Comments on the case law of the CJEU; Analysis of relevant provisions of the Portuguese Industrial Property Code and other relevant legislation; The issue of evocation in distinctive trade marks; The issue of free riding on prestigious distinctive trade marks; Distinctive trade marks and the internet; Intellectual property in the digital society; Misleading trade marks and secondary meaning; Patent law; Trade secrets. Already published: Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «Natureza jurídica dos segredos de negócio ao abrigo do regime estabelecido pela Diretiva (UE) 2016/943. Legal nature of trade secrets under the regime established by Directive (EU) 2016/943», in RPIID (Revista propiedad intelectual e innovación digital / Intellectual property and digital innovation journal), 2025, vol. 2, n.º 1, 27- 70. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «A defesa do Estado de Direito na Era Digital – conflitos entre direitos humanos [A liberdade de informação e o controlo de conteúdos. O exemplo do direito da propriedade intelectual]» publicado nas atas do VI Congresso Internacional da Rede Iberoamericana de Estudos Jurídcos 1812, subordinado ao tema “A Defesa do Estado de Direito no Século XXI” organizado pela Universidade de Cadiz e a Universidade Lusíada – Norte, que decorreu no dia 26 e 27 de junho de 2025. Vide https://riej1812.com/ponencias-vi/. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «European Union GI Reform. A Step Forward, But Less Than Required» in European Intellectual Property Review, 46, Issue 11, 2024, 688-704. Carls, Suelen, Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «Geographical Indications in the Fashion Industry: Safeguarding knowledge and culture or fuelling trade unfair competition», in The Handbook of Fashion Law, edited by Eleonora Rosati and Irene Calboli, Oxford University Press, February 2025 Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «The New EU Regime on Geographical Indications: Opportunities and Challenges», Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida, in The Future of Geographical Indications. European and Global Perspectives. Edited by Andrea Zappalaglio and Enrico Bonadio, Edward Elgar Publishing, February 2025, ISBN: 978 1 03530 914 6. Vide: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/the-future-of-geographical-indications-9781035309146.html Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «A eficácia distintiva da imagem da montanha Matterhorn (ou “a montanha do Toblerone”)», in Boletim de Ciências Económicas, Homenagem ao Prof. Doutor Manuel Carlos Lopes Porto, Volume LXVI, Tomo I, Coimbra, 2023 (separata), 21-83 Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «Direito de patente, segredos de negócio e saúde pública. Acordo TRIPS», in Boletim da Faculdade de Direito, STVDIA IVRIDICA, 113, Ad Honorem – 9, Estudos em Homenagem ao Prof. Doutor António Pinto Monteiro, Volume II, Direito Comercial, Universidade de Coimbra, Institvto Ivridico, 2023, 13-37 Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «Sociedad digital y derechos de autor (Un aporte a favor de la libertad)», in El Impacto de la Era Digital en el Derecho, Juan Manuel López Urlla (director) e Maria Paula Quiroga Corti (Coordenadora), Editora Arandazi, novembro de 2023, pags. 471-492, Isbn papel: 978-84-1125-702-2, Isbn digital: 978-84-1125-703-9, Isbn Dúo: 978-84-1125-704-6 Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, (cood) «O Direito na Sociedade Digital», (autores: Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida; Sérgio Machado; Rui Marrana; Paulo Moreira; Marco Teixeira; Cristina Aragão Seia; Beatriz Fernandes; Marisa Araújo), Universidade Lusíada Editora, 2022, https://doi.org/10.34628/tjtg-wx41 Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «A propriedade intelectual nos serviços digitais (uma aproximação ao futuro regulamento sobre os serviços digitais», in Propriedade Intelectual, Contratação e Sociedade da Informação, Almedina, Coimbra, maio 2022, 565-594. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «In Dubio Pro Libertate. Um contributo para a interpretação do artigo 17.º da Diretiva 2019/790/CE», in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 1/2022, 15-57 Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, Carls, Suelen, «The Criteria to Qualify a Geographical Term as Generic: Are We Moving from a European to a US Perspective?», in IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 52(4), 444-467 (April 2021). Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «The GI structure (the model behind the EU rules) or the complexity of this subjective right», in Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, Volume 16, Issue 4-5, April-May 2021, Pages 301–309. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «O caminho (diferente da marca de prestígio) para a proteção das denominações de origem reputadas», in Revista de Direito Intelectual, n.º 1/2022, 245-267. Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, «Direito de patente, segredos de negócio e saúde pública. Acordo TRIPS», in Revista da ABPI (Associação Brasileira da Propriedade Intelectual), n.º 183, Mar/Abr 2023, 24-40.
Means of Dissemination	One book and scientific articles.
Project Contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	SDGs 4, 9 e 16
Keywords	Intellectual Property Law. Digital Society Law. Human Rights. Labour Rights.
Remarks	Calendar: Start date – 2021 Completion date – 2028 Duration – 7 years

RP 3.7 - Law and Artificial Intelligence

RP 3.7 - Title ACTIVE PROJECT	Law and Artificial Intelligence
Coordinator	Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida Science Vitae CV: 4810-145B-D992 Professor Doutor José González
Team (core members)	António José Moreira Full Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lusíada University Professor Fernando Torrão PhD – Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lusíada University – Porto campus Luís Bandeira Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lusíada University – Porto campus Marisa Araújo Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lusíada University – Porto campus Augusto Meireis Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lusíada University – Porto campus Sérgio Machado Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lusíada University – Porto campus Nuno Castro Marques Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lusíada University – Porto campus Pilar Montero Professor of Commercial Law at the University of Alicante Suelen Carls, PhD; Senior Professor in Intellectual Property Law; Bournemouth University, UK Paulo Moreira PhD candidate in Law at Lusíada University – Porto campus Eduardo Sousa – Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lusíada University – Porto campus Beatriz Fernandes Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lusíada University – Porto campus Professor António Júlio Cunha Professor Filipa Aguiar
Research Group	Private Law Legal, Economic and Environmental Research
Line of research	Law and bioethics – Legal Scope of Human life Intellectual Property and the Technology Society
Goals	The relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and law is becoming increasingly close and complex, as AI affects both the application of the law and the extent to which it needs to be regulated. The issues are wide-ranging, including in particular: AI and competition law; AI and copyright; AI and authorship of works and the use of works by AI; AI and civil liability; AI in criminal proceedings; AI and predictive policing; AI and human rights (facial recognition, databases, etc.) AI and personal data protection; AI and sensitive data; AI and algorithmic discrimination; Transparency of AI; AI and automated judicial decisions; Impacts of AI on labour relations and employability; AI and the interpretation of legal rules; Regulation of AI; European regulation of AI
Scientific Domain General field Specific field	Law Private law Civil law, commercial law and intellectual property law
Methodology	Bibliographical and jurisprudential research and critical analysis of legislative or regulatory proposals, especially European ones.
Partners	-
Expected Results	Edição de 1 obra com diversos capítulos. Diversos artigos científicos. Eventual realização de um congresso
Means of Dissemination	A book, scientific articles and the possible organisation of a conference.
Project Contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	SDGs 4, 9 e 16
Keywords	Artificial intelligence. Law. Human rights.
Remarks	Calendar: Start date – 2026 Completion date – 2030 Duration – 4 years

RP 3.8 - The environmental function of private property

RP 3.8 - Title ACTIVE PROJECT	The environmental function of private property
Coordinator	José A. R. L. González Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida
Team (core members)	José A. R. L. González Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida Sérgio Pires Brás Miguel Pereira Coutinho Gonçalo Capitão Cristina Aragão Seia Ana Trevizan
Research group	Private Law Group Legal, Economic and Environmental Research
Line of research	Private Property: Object, Boundaries, Protection Intellectual Property and the Technology Society
Objectives of the project	Problematization and critical reflection on: Autonomy of the concept of "environmental function". Limits to private property. Establishment of the respective legal framework. Social responsibility of the owner. Forest policies and land use planning.
Scientific field General field Specific field	Private Law / Environmental Law
Methodology	Type of investigation: The investigation will be essentially theoretical and exploratory, aiming to deepen the conceptual and normative understanding of the environmental function of property. Method of approach: The deductive method will be the one normally used, starting from general principles to draw specific conclusions regarding its applicability, as well as to establish the limits of the environmental function. Qualitative approach, focused on legal interpretation and argumentation.
Partners	-
Expected results	Conceptual clarification and delimitation: Clearly define and differentiate the "environmental function" from the "social function" of private property. Identification of the main legal, economic, and social obstacles that prevent the full realization of the environmental function of private property, as well as opportunities for nature conservation on private land. Comparative policy analysis aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different policy instruments (financial incentives, administrative limitations, voluntary conservation programs) in promoting environmentally sustainable practices by landowners. Development of guidelines and best practices. Drafting proposals for legislative changes.
Means of Disclosures	Publication of scientific articles. Presentations at congresses and conferences. Theses and dissertations. Books or book chapters. Online platforms and social networks.
Contribution of the Project to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities: Especially in the context of urban property, ensuring planning and development that includes sanitation, mobility, and green areas. SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production: Responsible management of resources in supply chains, including agricultural and real estate production. SDG 13 - Climate Action: Contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions and increasing climate resilience through sustainable land use practices. SDG 14 - Life Below Water SDG 15 - Life on Land: Conservation and sustainable management of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and protection of biodiversity on private properties.
Keywords	Social, economic and environmental rights Private property Environment Social function of property Legal limitations on property
Observations	Schedule: Start date - January 1, 2026 Completion date - December 31, 2029

RP 3.9 - Climate, Conflict, and Cooperation: Reconfigurations of Security in the 21st Century

RP 3.9 - Title ACTIVE PROJECT	Climate, Conflict, and Cooperation: Reconfigurations of Security in the 21st Century
Coordinator	José Francisco Pavia
Team (core members)	António Gonçalves Alexandre Gabriel Maia João Carlos Marques Simões José Francisco Pavia Susana Cabrita Vieira
Research group	Group 1. Public Law and Political Science Group 3. Legal, Economic and Environmental Research
Line of research	International Politics and Security Law and Risk Society
Goals	The overall objective of the project is to analyze how structural transformations in the international system are contributing to the reconfiguration of security concepts, threats, and practices in the 21st century, within the field of International Relations. Based on the observation that traditional security models, centered predominantly on the state and conventional military threats, are proving increasingly inadequate for understanding contemporary challenges, the project seeks to examine the emergence of new categories of risk that are redefining the international security agenda. In this context, the project analyzes how different emerging threats—including climate change, environmental risks, pandemics, cybersecurity, technological disruptions, and pressures on natural resources—are altering perceptions of threat and broadening the scope of international security. These dynamics contribute to shifting the focus of security beyond the strictly military dimension, integrating economic, environmental, technological, and human dimensions that increasingly influence international stability. The project also aims to examine how these emerging threats are transforming the strategic agendas of states, as well as the institutional responses developed by international organizations and other key actors in global governance. By bringing these different dimensions together, the project aims to contribute to the theoretical debate on the evolution of the concept of security in the 21st century, identifying the main trends of transformation and proposing an analytical framework that allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how multiple emerging threats are reshaping the practices and discourses of international security.
Scientific field General field Specific field	International Relations
Methodology	Qualitative analysis, including a systematic review of the scientific literature.
Partners	To be carried out within relevant academic and institutional networks.
Expected results	Publication of scientific articles; Organization of scientific events; Presentation of papers at conferences; Publication of book chapters and book editing.
Means of Dissemination	Institutional channels and potential partners.
Contribution of the Project to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	SDG 4 - Quality Education: contribution through the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge; SDG 16 - Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions: contribution through the publication of scientific articles that explore issues of governance, political institutions, and diplomacy, and offer insights and recommendations; SDG 17 – Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.
Keywords	Climate Change; Cooperation; Foreign Policy; International Security.
Project start date	September 15, 2026
Expected completion date of the Project	September 15, 2031
Observations	-

RP 4.3 - The problematic of the EU Budget in particular the case of the «own resources»

RP 4.3 - Title ACTIVE PROJECT	The problematic of the EU Budget in particular the case of the «own resources».
Coordinator	Manuel Carlos Lopes Porto Ciencia Vitae CV: 4C12-3761-21B3
Team (core members)	Ana Sofia de Assis Pacheco da Silva Duarte Manuel Carlos Lopes Porto Nuno Francisco de Sá e Melo de Castro Marques Vasco António Branco Guimarães
Research Group	Legal, Economic and Environmental Research
Line of research	International and European Union Fiscal and Budgetary Issues
Goals	Identify sources of the European Union’s own revenue Study and propose new sources of obtaining own resources from European Union bodies
Scientific Domain	Law
General field	Financial Law
Specific field	European Law
Methodology	Studies, Seminars and publications
Partners	SEAST - Bologna
Expected Results	A comprehensive study of the European Budget with particular focus on EU own resources.
Disclosures	Publications and Seminars.
Project Contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	The understanding of the sources of EU funding and the profile of its expenditures contributes to a more coherent and consistent attitude of the quality and effectiveness of the relationship between funding and the quality of the activity developed in a rational and sustainable equation between resource and result.
Keywords	Budget of the European Union; Own revenues; effectiveness of expenses.
Remarks	Calendar: Start date - 2021 Completion date - 2025 Duration - 4 year

RP 3.1 - Commercial contracting

RP 3.1 - Title COMPLETED PROJECT	Commercial contracting
Coordinator	Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida Ciencia Vitae CV: 4810-145B-D992
Team (core members)	Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – North (Porto campus). Fernando Gravato Morais Full Professor at the School of Law of the University of Minho. João Paulo Remédio Marques Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra. Sandra Passinhas Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra. Luis Bandeira Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of the Lusíada University – North (Porto campus). Pilar Montero Professor of Commercial Law, Director of the Master of Intellectual Property. University of Alicante (Spain). Liliana Locatelli Professor at the Integrated Regional University (URI - Campus of Frederico Westphalen/RS) and University of the West of Santa Catarina (UNOESC – Campus of São Miguel do Oeste/SC).
Research Group	Legal, Economic and Environmental Research
Line of research	Law and risk society
Goals	This investigation aims to begin a series of research work on commercial contracting today. Commercial contracting (in the pre-contractual phase, in the formation phase, in its content, in its effects, and in its transmission, modification and extinction) has moved away from classic models, and new contractual types have also been generated. (socially typified). On the other hand, several sectors of law intersect (from intellectual property to competition law, not forgetting consumer law) and we are witnessing an internationalization, standardization, massification, objectivization and commodification of contractual models. The risk of current societies and the technological revolution, with the digital society, that we are witnessing is reflected in commercial contracting, both in the legal nature of this contract and in its conformation. These themes deserve in-depth investigation, and it is time to work on these matters, highlighting them in texts that will be, in addition to research results, useful to the scientific community, including our master's and Ph.D. students. There are several topics that can be investigated, namely, distance contracting, automatic contracting, electronic contracting, self-service contracting, dictated commercial contracts, unfair commercial practices, new developments in contracts that have as their object intellectual property rights (including in digital society framework), interest and usury, consumer credit contracts, consumer protection, banking contracts, insurance contracts, investment contracts, arbitration, in addition to multiple new types of social contracts. Some of these themes will be addressed in this first phase of the investigation; others, for example in the digital society, will be left for a later time.
Scientific Domain	Law
General field	Law
Specific field	Commercial Law and legal-business and civil legal sciences
Methodology	Bibliographical research and critical analysis of national and international legislation in the context of commercial contracting.
Partners	-
Expected Results	Edition of a work with scientific articles, covering the following topics: Distance contracting; Unfair commercial practices in the European Union; Unfair commercial practices in Brazil and their relationship with subjective industrial property rights; Relationship between commercial contracting and intellectual property law; Commercial contracting and consumer protection; The granting of credit and interest regime; Investment contracts within the framework of securities regulation.
Disclosures	Publication of the work: Alberto Ribeiro de Almeida Coordination), Commercial contracting (some contents), Lisbon: Universidade Lusíada Editora, 2018, 189 pages. It is divided into seven chapters and has the following contributions: Almeida, Alberto Ribeiro de, A mora do devedor nas transações comerciais, pp. 1-34. Bandeira, Luís, As “Recomendações de investimento” no Código dos Valores Mobiliários. O contrato de consultoria para investimento - recomendações personalizadas, pp. 35-66. Locatelli, Liliana, Práticas comerciais desleais: marcas e aproveitamento parasitário no Brasil, pp. 67-94. Marques, J. P. Remédio, O contrato de depósito, o direito de autor, os direitos industriais e a infração de direito exclusivo de distribuição de mercadorias guardadas em depósito, pp. 95-118. Montero García-Noblejas, Pilar, Prácticas comerciales desleales en la Unión Europea, pp.119-146. Morais, Fernando de Gravato, Instrumentos de tutela do consumidor a crédito, pp. 147-166. Passinhas, Sandra, Contratação à distância: Entre as alterações nacionais recentes e o New Deal for Consumers, pp. 167-188.
Remarks	Calendar: Start date - 2017 Completion date - 2018 Duration - 1 year

Researchers

Name	Researcher	Projects	ORCID	CIÊNCIA ID	WoS Researcher ID	Scopus Author ID
Alberto Francisco Ribeiro de Almeida	Integrated	RP 3.4 RP 3.5	0000-0003-0819-6039	4810-145B-D992	-	-
Ana Flávia Trevizan	Collaborator	-	0000-0003-4365-6053	AC1E-ED44-7365	-	-
Ana Paula Marques Rocha	Collaborator	-	0000-0003-3259-9436	8E1C-3E61-883C	-	-
Ana Sofia de Assis Pacheco da Silva Duarte	Integrated	RP 4.3	0000-0002-8879-5359	C515-6E93-1CBA	-	-
Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro Neves	Collaborator	-	0009-0008-1068-6874	0319-9949-A840	-	-
Carlos Manuel Pequito de Almeida Sampaio	Collaborator	-	0000-0003-2896-6205	2174-FF44-4980	-	-
Diana Fedchsyhyn Rebelo Tavares	Collaborator	-	0009-0006-2853-5869	D316-5C91-2611	-	-
Fausto José de Jesus Ferreira	Integrated	-	0000-0003-3788-9176	DB12-A4DA-97A1	-	-
Fernanda Raquel Melo de Sousa	Collaborator	RP 2.4 RP 3.3	0000-0002-9816-0621	4613-BF64-A875	-	-
Filipe Júlio dos Santos Revez das Neves	Collaborator	RP 3.3	0000-0001-9734-4528	F71F-E1B1-062E	-	-
Francisco José Guimarães Castelo Branco Ribeiro	Integrated	-	0000-0002-7974-2183	831B-8A41-1B9B	-	-
João António Severino Raposo	Collaborator	-	0000-0001-8718-5842	6016-ACF8-C13A	-	-
Luís Fernando Sampaio Pinto Bandeira	Integrated	RP 3.4	0000-0001-6142-9597	D115-BC9B-1663	-	-
Manuel Carlos Lopes Porto (coordenador)	Integrated	RP 4.3	0000-0001-7860-9236	4C12-3761-21B3	-	-
Marcelino Patrício Victor da Silva	Collaborator	-	0009-0001-8311-0824	E719-BD59-81BF	-	-
Marcelino António Pereira de Abreu	Collaborator	-	0000-0003-4003-5710	2C17-132C-AE74	-	-
Maria Celeste Ferreira Lopes Cardona	Collaborator	-	0000-0003-1471-3514	4417-3785-532A	-	-
Maria Cristina Barroso de Aragão Seia Franco	Integrated	RP 1.3 RP 1.11 RP 1.12 RP 1.13 RP 3.3 RP 3.4	0000-0002-7188-3168	1816-8F0A-C659	-	-
Marisa Isabel Almeida Araújo	Integrated	RP 1.7 RP 1.11 RP 1.12 RP 1.13 RP 2.3 RP 2.6 RP 3.3 RP 3.4	0000-0002-9226-4753	A012-C299-4E6E	-	-
Nelson da Costa Almeida Cardoso de Oliveira	Collaborator	-	0000-0003-1595-255X	6B1D-D8A8-EA1C	-	-
Nuno Francisco de Sá e Melo de Castro Marques	Integrated	RP 4.3	0000-0001-8250-6002	4C1A-CD19-A402	-	-
Paulo Alexandre Matos Cunha	Collaborator	RP 1.11 RP 1.12 RP 1.13	0000-0002-7158-2816	5E14-D44D-CE1C	-	-
Paulo Flávio Ferreira Guedes	Integrated	RP 3.3	0000-0002-8763-3593	1D11-0F18-31D4	-	-
Paulo Jorge Ferreira Moreira	Collaborator	RP 3.4	0000-0002-3386-437X	1A1A-3A8B-581E	-	-
Pedro Jorge Rebelo Tavares	Collaborator	-	0009-0003-4607-841X	6A15-C4D4-C0BE	-	-
Rita de Kassia de Franca Teodoro	Collaborator	-	0000-0002-7824-5951	8B1D-2DB6-2EA6	-	-
Rui Miguel Sousa Simões Fernandes Marrana	Integrated	RP 1.11 RP 1.12 RP 1.13 RP 3.3 RP 3.4 RP 5.7	0000-0002-6739-1208	F012-F39E-944A	-	-
Vasco António Branco Guimarães	Integrated	RP 4.3	0000-0002-4133-4061	CF19-E448-9785	-	-

Production

Global Scientific Production

Legal, Economic and Environmental Research

Coordination

Overview

Objectives

Research Lines

1. Law and Risk Society

2. Intellectual Property and the Technology Society

3. International and European Union Fiscal and Budgetary Issues